He mea keleawe lahilahi loa ka pepa keleawe. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke kaʻina hana i ʻelua ʻano: pepa keleawe i ʻōwili ʻia (RA) a me ka pepa keleawe electrolytic (ED). He maikaʻi loa ka conductivity uila a me ka thermal o ka pepa keleawe, a he waiwai ia o ka pale ʻana i nā hōʻailona uila a me ka magnetic. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pepa keleawe i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana uila pololei. Me ka holomua o ka hana ʻana o kēia au, ʻo ke koi no nā huahana uila lahilahi, māmā, liʻiliʻi a lawe lima ʻia ua alakaʻi i kahi ākea o nā noi no ka pepa keleawe.
Ua kapa ʻia ka pepa keleawe i ʻōwili ʻia ʻo ia ka pepa keleawe RA. He mea keleawe ia i hana ʻia ma ka ʻōwili kino. Ma muli o kāna kaʻina hana, he ʻano poepoe ko loko o ka pepa keleawe RA. A hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka palupalu a me ka paʻakikī ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana annealing. Hoʻohana ʻia ka pepa keleawe RA i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana uila kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku hoʻi nā mea e pono ai kekahi ʻano o ka maʻalahi i ka mea.
Ua kapa ʻia ka pepa keleawe electrolytic ʻo ia ka pepa keleawe ED. He mea ia o ka pepa keleawe i hana ʻia e kahi kaʻina hana hoʻokaʻawale kemika. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke kaʻina hana, he ʻano kolamu ko ka pepa keleawe electrolytic i loko. He maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana o ka pepa keleawe electrolytic a hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana e pono ai ka nui o nā kaʻina hana maʻalahi, e like me nā papa kaapuni a me nā electrodes maikaʻi ʻole o ka pā lithium.
ʻO ka pepa keleawe RA a me ka pepa keleawe electrolytic ko lākou mau pono a me nā hemahema i nā ʻano aʻe:
ʻOi aku ka maʻemaʻe o ka pepa keleawe RA ma ke ʻano o ka nui o ke keleawe;
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka pepa keleawe RA ma mua o ka pepa keleawe electrolytic ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai kino;
ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa iki ma waena o nā ʻano ʻelua o ka pepa keleawe ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai kemika;
Ma ke ʻano o ke kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hana nui ʻana i ka pepa keleawe ED ma muli o kāna kaʻina hana maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka pepa keleawe i kalena ʻia.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ka pepa keleawe RA i nā pae mua o ka hana ʻana o ka huahana, akā i ka wā e oʻo ai ke kaʻina hana, e lawe ka pepa keleawe ED i mea e hōʻemi ai i nā kumukūʻai.
He maikaʻi ka hoʻoili uila a me ka wela o ka pepa keleawe, a he mau waiwai pale maikaʻi hoʻi no nā hōʻailona uila a me ka magnetic. No laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea no ka hoʻoili uila a wela paha i nā huahana uila a me nā huahana uila, a i ʻole he mea pale no kekahi mau ʻāpana uila. Ma muli o nā waiwai ʻike ʻia a me ke kino o nā mea hoʻohui keleawe a me ke keleawe, hoʻohana ʻia lākou i nā mea hoʻonaninani hale a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke keleawe maʻemaʻe ka mea maka no ka pepa keleawe, akā ʻokoʻa nā kūlana o nā mea maka ma muli o nā kaʻina hana like ʻole. Hana ʻia ka pepa keleawe i ʻōwili ʻia mai nā pepa keleawe cathode electrolytic i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a laila ʻōwili ʻia; Pono ka pepa keleawe electrolytic e hoʻokomo i nā mea maka i loko o ka hopena waikawa sulfuric no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana e like me ka ʻauʻau keleawe, a laila ʻoi aku ka makemake e hoʻohana i nā mea maka e like me ke pana keleawe a i ʻole ke kaula keleawe no ka hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi ʻana me ka waikawa sulfuric.
He hana nui nā iona keleawe i ka lewa a hiki ke hana maʻalahi me nā iona oxygen i ka lewa e hana i ka oxide keleawe. Hoʻohana mākou i ka anti-oxidation mahana o ka lumi i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana, akā hoʻopaneʻe wale kēia i ka manawa e oxidized ai ka foil keleawe. No laila, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka foil keleawe i ka wā hikiwawe ma hope o ka wehe ʻana. A e mālama i ka foil keleawe i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ma kahi maloʻo a pale i ka mālamalama, kahi mamao aku mai nā kinoea lele. ʻO ka mahana mālama i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka foil keleawe ma kahi o 25 degere Celsius a ʻaʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o 70%.
ʻAʻole wale ka pepa keleawe he mea alakaʻi, akā ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea ʻoihana kūpono loa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity uila a me ka thermal o ka pepa keleawe ma mua o nā mea metala maʻamau.
ʻO ka lipine foil keleawe ma ka ʻaoʻao keleawe he mea alakaʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao, a hiki ke hana ʻia ka ʻaoʻao pipili i mea alakaʻi ma ke kau ʻana i ka pauka conductive i loko o ka mea hoʻopili. No laila, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia inā makemake ʻoe i ka lipine foil keleawe conductive hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka lipine foil keleawe conductive ʻelua ʻaoʻao i ka wā kūʻai.
Hiki ke wehe ʻia ka pepa keleawe me ka hoʻokahe iki ʻana o ka ʻili me kahi huʻahuʻa waiʻona. Inā he hoʻokahe lōʻihi a i ʻole ka hoʻokahe nui ʻana, pono e wehe ʻia ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana me ka hopena waikawa sulfuric.
Loaʻa iā CIVEN Metal kahi lipine pepa keleawe no ke aniani ʻoniʻoni i maʻalahi loa e hoʻohana.
Ma ke kumumanaʻo, ʻae; akā naʻe, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hana ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o nā mea i loko o kahi ʻano hakahaka a hoʻohana nā mea hana like ʻole i nā mahana like ʻole a me nā kaʻina hana hoʻokumu, me nā ʻokoʻa o nā wahi hana, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea trace like ʻole i loko o ka mea i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ka hopena, ʻoiai inā like ka haku mele ʻana o nā mea, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻokoʻa kala i loko o ka mea mai nā mea hana like ʻole.
I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai no nā mea foil keleawe maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka ʻili o nā foil keleawe i hana ʻia e nā mea hana like ʻole i ka pouli. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe he ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe o nā foil keleawe ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pono kēia pololei no ka mea, ma waho aʻe o ka nui o ke keleawe, hiki i ka maʻalahi o ka ʻili o ka foil keleawe ke hana i nā ʻokoʻa kala i ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka reflectivity o ka foil keleawe me ka maʻalahi o ka ʻili, e ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kala o ka ʻili, a i kekahi manawa keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he hanana maʻamau kēia no ka foil keleawe me ka maʻalahi maikaʻi, e hōʻike ana he maʻalahi ka ʻili a he haʻahaʻa ka ʻoʻoleʻa.
Hana ʻia ka pepa keleawe electrolytic me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano kemika, no laila ʻaʻohe aila o ka ʻili o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hana ʻia ka pepa keleawe i ʻōwili ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻano ʻōwili kino, a i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, hiki i ka ʻaila lubricating mechanical mai nā wili ke noho ma luna o ka ʻili a i loko o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia. No laila, pono nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻili a me ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka momona e wehe i nā koena aila. Inā ʻaʻole e wehe ʻia kēia mau koena, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopilikia i ke kūpaʻa ʻili o ka ʻili o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia. ʻOi loa i ka wā o ka lamination wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki i nā koena aila kūloko ke kahe i ka ʻili.
ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka laumania o ka ʻili o ka pepa keleawe, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka reflectivity, kahi e ʻike ʻia he keʻokeʻo i ka maka ʻōlohelohe. Hoʻomaikaʻi iki ka laumania o ka ʻili i ka conductivity uila a me ka thermal o ka mea. Inā pono kahi hana uhi ma hope, he mea kūpono ke koho i nā uhi wai e like me ka hiki. ʻO nā uhi aila, ma muli o ko lākou ʻano molekala ʻili nui aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hemo ʻana.
Ma hope o ke kaʻina hana annealing, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka maʻalahi a me ka plasticity o ka mea foil keleawe, ʻoiai ua hoʻemi ʻia kona resistivity, e hoʻonui ana i kona conductivity uila. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka mea annealed i nā ʻōpala a me nā dents ke pili ia me nā mea paʻakikī. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā haʻalulu liʻiliʻi i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ke kaʻina hana lawe ʻana hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ʻano o ka mea a hana i ka embossing. No laila, pono ka mālama hou aku i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana ma hope.
No ka mea, ʻaʻohe ʻano hoʻāʻo pololei a like o nā kūlana honua o kēia manawa a me nā kūlana no nā mea me ka mānoanoa ma lalo o 0.2mm, he paʻakikī ke hoʻohana i nā waiwai paʻakikī kuʻuna e wehewehe i ke kūlana palupalu a paʻakikī paha o ka pepa keleawe. Ma muli o kēia kūlana, hoʻohana nā ʻoihana hana pepa keleawe ʻoihana i ka ikaika tensile a me ka elongation e hōʻike i ke kūlana palupalu a paʻakikī paha o ka mea, ma mua o nā waiwai paʻakikī kuʻuna.
Pepa kini keleawe i hoʻopili ʻia (ʻano palupalu):
- ʻO ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa a me ke ductility kiʻekiʻe: Maʻalahi e hana a hoʻokumu.
- ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity uilaHoʻemi ke kaʻina hana annealing i nā palena o ka palaoa a me nā kīnā.
- Maikaʻi ka maikaʻi o ka ʻiliKūpono ma ke ʻano he substrate no nā papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia (PCB).
Pepa kini keleawe paʻakikī hapa:
- Paʻakikī waenaLoaʻa iā ia kekahi hiki ke mālama i ke ʻano.
- Kūpono no nā noi e pono ai ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikīHoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau ʻano ʻāpana uila.
Pepa kini keleawe paʻakikī:
- ʻOi aku ka paʻakikīʻAʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻololi ʻia, kūpono no nā noi e pono ai nā ana kikoʻī.
- Ka ductility haʻahaʻa: Pono i ka mālama nui ʻana i ka wā e hana ai.
ʻO ka ikaika tensile a me ka elongation o ka foil keleawe ʻelua mau hōʻailona hana kino koʻikoʻi e pili ana i kahi pilina a pili pololei i ka maikaʻi a me ka hilinaʻi o ka foil keleawe. ʻO ka ikaika tensile e pili ana i ka hiki o ka foil keleawe ke pale aku i ka haki ʻana ma lalo o ka ikaika tensile, i hōʻike pinepine ʻia ma megapascals (MPa). ʻO ka elongation e pili ana i ka hiki o ka mea ke hana i ka deformation plastic i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana hoʻolōʻihi, i hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he pakeneka.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka ikaika tensile a me ka elongation o ka pepa keleawe e ka mānoanoa a me ka nui o ka palaoa. No ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia hopena nui, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ka ratio dimensionless thickness-to-grain size (T/D) ma ke ʻano he parameter hoʻohālikelike. ʻOkoʻa ka ikaika tensile i loko o nā pae ratio mānoanoa-i-grain like ʻole, ʻoiai e emi ana ka elongation i ka emi ʻana o ka mānoanoa i ka wā e mau ai ka ratio mānoanoa-i-grain.