Ma Kina, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "qi," ka hōʻailona no ke olakino. Ma ʻAigupita ua kapa ʻia ʻo "ankh," ka hōʻailona no ke ola mau loa. No ka poʻe Phoenicians, ua like ka ʻōlelo me Aphrodite—ke akua wahine o ke aloha a me ka nani.
Ke kuhikuhi nei kēia mau lāhui kahiko i ke keleawe, kahi mea i ʻike ʻia e nā moʻomeheu a puni ka honua he mea nui i ko mākou olakino no nā makahiki he 5,000. Ke kau ʻia nā maʻi influenza, bacteria e like me E. coli, superbugs e like me MRSA, a i ʻole nā coronaviruses ma luna o nā ʻili paʻakikī, hiki iā lākou ke ola a hiki i ʻehā a ʻelima mau lā. Akā, ke pae lākou ma luna o ke keleawe, a me nā ʻāpana keleawe e like me ke keleawe, hoʻomaka lākou e make i loko o nā minuke a ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o nā hola.
"Ua ʻike mākou i nā maʻi maʻi e puhi wale ana," wahi a Bill Keevil, ke kaukaʻi o ke olakino olakino ma ke Kulanui o Southampton. "Ua pae lākou ma luna o ke keleawe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa wale ia iā lākou." ʻAʻohe mea kupanaha ma India, ua inu ka poʻe i nā kīʻaha keleawe no nā millennia. ʻOiai ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, lawe mai kahi laina keleawe i kāu wai inu. ʻO ke keleawe he mea kūlohelohe, passive, antimicrobial. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia iho i kona ʻili me ka ʻole o ka uila a i ʻole ka bleach.
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke keleawe i ka wā o ka Industrial Revolution ma ke ʻano he mea no nā mea, nā mea paʻa, a me nā hale. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke keleawe i nā ʻupena mana - ʻo ka mākeke keleawe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ke ulu nei no ka mea he alakaʻi maikaʻi ka mea. Akā ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea i waho o nā noi hale he nui e ka nalu o nā mea hou mai ke kenekulia 20. ʻO nā plastik, ke aniani aniani, ka aluminika, a me ke kila kila nā mea o ka wā hou-hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea āpau mai ka hoʻolālā ʻana i nā huahana Apple. ʻO nā kī puka keleawe a me nā lima lima i hele ʻole i ke ʻano no ka mea ua koho nā mea kākau a me nā mea hoʻolālā i nā mea nani ke nānā aku (a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi).
Manaʻo ʻo Keevil ʻo ka manawa kēia e hoʻihoʻi mai i ke keleawe ma nā wahi ākea, a me nā halemai. I ke alo o kahi hiki ʻole ke ʻalo ʻia i piha i nā maʻi maʻi honua, pono mākou e hoʻohana i ke keleawe i ka mālama olakino, ka transit lehulehu, a me ko mākou mau home. A ʻoiai ua lōʻihi loa ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka COVID-19, ʻaʻole i hiki wawe ke noʻonoʻo e pili ana i kā mākou maʻi maʻi hou. ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi o ke keleawe, helu ʻia.
Ua ʻike paha mākou e hele mai ana, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hana kekahi.
I ka makahiki 1983, kākau ʻo Phyllis J. Kuhn mea noiʻi lapaʻau i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohewa mua no ka nalowale ʻana o ke keleawe āna i ʻike ai ma nā halemai. I ka wā o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma Hamot Medical center ma Pittsburgh, ua kāwele nā haumāna i nā wahi like ʻole a puni ka haukapila, me nā kīʻaha lua a me nā kī puka. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka maʻemaʻe o ka halepaku i nā microbes, aʻo kekahi o nā mea paʻa he lepo loa a ulu aʻe i ka bacteria weliweli ke ʻae ʻia e hoʻonui ma nā papa agar.
“ʻO nā puʻupuʻu kila kila a ʻālohilohi a me nā papa pana e nānā maʻemaʻe ma ka puka o ka haukapila. ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻo nā kīwaha puka a me nā pā kīwī o ke keleawe ʻulaʻula ke nānā aku a haumia, "kākau ʻo ia i kēlā manawa. "Akā inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻo ke keleawe-he huila maʻamau o 67% keleawe a me 33% zinc-[pepehi i ka bacteria], ʻoiai ʻo ke kila kila-ma kahi o 88% hao a me 12% chromium-ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi e pale i ka ulu ʻana o ka bacteria."
ʻO ka hope loa, ua kāʻei ʻo ia i kāna pepa me kahi hopena maʻalahi no ka ʻōnaehana olakino holoʻokoʻa e hahai ai. “Inā hoʻoponopono hou ʻia kou haukapila, e hoʻāʻo e mālama i nā lako keleawe kahiko a i ʻole e hana hou; inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā lako kila kila, e hōʻoia i ka disinfected i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wahi mālama koʻikoʻi.
He mau makahiki ma hope mai, a ʻoiaʻiʻo me ke kālā mai ka Copper Development Association (he hui kalepa ʻoihana keleawe), ua hoʻoikaika ʻo Keevil i ka noiʻi a Kuhn. Ke hana nei ʻo ia i loko o kāna lab me kekahi o nā pathogens makaʻu loa i ka honua, ua hōʻike ʻo ia ʻaʻole wale ke keleawe e pepehi pono i ka bacteria; pepehi pū ia i nā maʻi maʻi.
Ma ka hana a Keevil, hoʻoinu ʻo ia i kahi pā keleawe i loko o ka waiʻona e hoʻomaʻemaʻe. A laila hoʻokomo ʻo ia i loko o ka acetone e hoʻopau i nā aila ʻokoʻa. A laila hāʻule ʻo ia i kahi pathogen ma luna o ka ʻili. I kekahi manawa maloʻo. Noho ka laʻana no kēlā me kēia wahi mai kekahi mau minuke a i kekahi mau lā. A laila hoʻoluliluli ʻo ia i loko o kahi pahu piha i nā pahu aniani a me kahi wai. Holoi nā ʻōpala i nā hua bacteria a me nā maʻi i loko o ka wai, a hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka wai e ʻike i ko lākou hele ʻana. Ma nā hihia ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻomohala ʻo ia i nā ʻano microscopy e ʻae iā ia e nānā-a hoʻopaʻa i kahi pathogen e luku ʻia e ke keleawe i ka manawa e kū ai i ka ʻili.
Ua like ke ʻano o ka hopena me he mea kilokilo lā, ʻōlelo ʻo ia, akā i kēia manawa, ʻo ka phenomena e pāʻani nei ʻo ia ka ʻepekema ʻike maopopo. Ke pā ka maʻi a i ʻole ka bacteria i ka pā, hoʻopiha ʻia me nā ion keleawe. Ke komo nei kēlā mau ion i nā pūnaewele a me nā maʻi virus e like me nā pōkā. ʻAʻole pepehi wale ke keleawe i kēia mau pathogens; hoopau ia ia lakou, a hiki i ka nucleic acids, a i ole ka hoohanau ana i loko.
"ʻAʻohe manawa o ka mutation [a i ʻole evolution] no ka mea ke luku ʻia nā genes a pau," wahi a Keevil. "ʻO ia kekahi o nā pono maoli o ke keleawe." I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke keleawe me ka pilikia o, e ʻōlelo, ke kau ʻana i nā lāʻau antibiotic. He manaʻo maikaʻi wale nō.
I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka honua maoli, hōʻike ke keleawe i kona waiwai Ma waho o ka lab, ua ʻimi nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe inā he ʻokoʻa ke keleawe ke hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā ʻano olakino ola maoli-ʻo ia hoʻi nā puʻupuʻu puka o ka haukapila no kekahi, akā ʻo nā wahi e like me nā moena o ka haukapila, malihini- noho armrests, a hiki IV stands.In 2015, noiʻi e hana ana ma ka 'Oihana o Defence haawi hoohalike maʻi uku ma ekolu halemai, a ua ike ia i ka wā i hoʻohana 'ia ke keleawe alloys i loko o ekolu halemai, ua hoemi ia maʻi rates e 58%. Ua hana ʻia kahi noiʻi like i ka makahiki 2016 i loko o kahi keʻena mālama maʻi pediatric, ka mea i hōʻemi i ka hōʻemi like ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi.
Akā, pehea ke kālā? ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke keleawe ma mua o ka plastic a i ʻole aluminika, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ke kila. Akā ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā maʻi i lawe ʻia i ka haukapila ke kumu kūʻai nei i ka ʻōnaehana olakino e like me $ 45 biliona i ka makahiki - ʻaʻole e haʻi i ka pepehi ʻana i ka nui o 90,000 mau kānaka - ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kumukūʻai keleawe ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana.
ʻO Keevil, ka mea i loaʻa ʻole i ke kālā mai ka ʻoihana keleawe, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ua hāʻule ke kuleana i nā mea kākau e koho i ke keleawe i nā hana hale hou. ʻO Copper ka mea mua (a ʻo ia ka hope) i ʻae ʻia e ka EPA. (Ua ho'āʻo nā hui o ka ʻoihana kālā a ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻo ia he antimicrobial, ka mea i alakaʻi maoli ai i ka uku EPA.) Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa nā hui ʻoihana keleawe ma luna o 400 mau ʻāpana keleawe me ka EPA a hiki i kēia lā. "Ua hōʻike mākou i ka maikaʻi o ka copper-nickel e like me ke keleawe i ka pepehi ʻana i nā maʻi bacteria a me nā maʻi maʻi," wahi āna. A ʻaʻole pono ke ʻano o ka nickel keleawe e like me ka pū kahiko; ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ke kila kuhili ʻole.
No nā hale ʻē aʻe o ka honua i hōʻano hou ʻole ʻia e ʻoki i nā mea keleawe kahiko, ʻo Keevil kahi ʻōlelo aʻo: "Mai wehe iā lākou, ʻo nā mea a pau āu e hana ai. ʻO kēia nā mea maikaʻi loa i loaʻa iā ʻoe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-25-2021