ʻO kekahi o nā metala koʻikoʻi loa ma ka honua, ʻo ia ke keleawe. Inā ʻaʻole ia, ʻaʻole hiki iā mākou ke hana i nā mea a mākou e manaʻo nei he mea maʻamau e like me ke hoʻā ʻana i nā kukui a i ʻole ka nānā ʻana i ke TV. ʻO ke keleawe nā aʻa e hana ai nā kamepiula. ʻAʻole hiki iā mākou ke hele i loko o nā kaʻa me ka ʻole o ke keleawe. E pau nā kelepona kamaʻilio. A ʻaʻole e hana iki nā pila lithium-ion me ka ʻole o ia.
Hoʻohana nā pila Lithium-ion i nā metala e like me ke keleawe a me ka alumini e hana i kahi hoʻouku uila. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pila lithium-ion kahi anode graphite, metal oxide cathode, a hoʻohana i nā electrolytes i pale ʻia e kahi mea hoʻokaʻawale. ʻO ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka pila ke kumu o ke kahe ʻana o nā ion lithium ma o nā electrolytes a hōʻiliʻili ma ka anode graphite me nā electrons i hoʻouna ʻia ma o ka pilina. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka pila e hoʻouna i nā ion i kahi i hele mai ai a koi i nā electrons e hele ma o ke kaapuni e hana ana i ka uila. E pau ka pila ke hoʻi nā ion lithium a me nā electrons a pau i ka cathode.
No laila, he aha ka hana a ke keleawe e pāʻani ai me nā pila lithium-ion? Hoʻohui ʻia ka graphite me ke keleawe i ka wā e hana ai i ka anode. Kūpaʻa ke keleawe i ka oxidization, ʻo ia kahi hana kemika kahi e nalowale ai nā electrons o kekahi mea i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻoulu kēia i ka pala. Hana ʻia ka oxidization ke launa pū kahi kemika a me ka oxygen me kahi mea, e like me ke ʻano o ka hao e pili ana me ka wai a me ka oxygen e hana ai i ka popo. Pale ʻole ke keleawe i ka pala.
Pepa keleawehoʻohana nui ʻia i nā pila lithium-ion no ka mea ʻaʻohe palena me kona nui. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iā ia no ka lōʻihi āu e makemake ai a lahilahi hoʻi e like me kou makemake. ʻO ke keleawe ma kona ʻano he mea hōʻiliʻili au ikaika, akā hiki nō hoʻi iā ia ke hoʻolaha nui a like o ke au.
ʻElua ʻano o ka pepa keleawe: ʻōwili ʻia a me ka electrolytic. Hoʻohana ʻia kāu pepa keleawe ʻōwili maʻamau no kēlā me kēia hana lima a me nā hoʻolālā. Hana ʻia ia ma o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka wela me ke kaomi ʻana i lalo me nā pine ʻōwili. ʻO ka hana ʻana i ka pepa keleawe electrolytic hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻenehana he mea paʻakikī iki. Hoʻomaka ia ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke keleawe kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka waikawa. Hana kēia i kahi electrolyte keleawe hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ke keleawe ma o ke kaʻina hana i kapa ʻia ʻo electrolytic plating. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, hoʻohana ʻia ka uila e hoʻohui i ka electrolyte keleawe i ka pepa keleawe i loko o nā pahu wili uila.
ʻAʻole nele ka pepa keleawe i kona mau hemahema. Hiki i ka pepa keleawe ke ʻōwili. Inā hana ʻia kēlā a laila hiki ke hoʻopilikia nui ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka ikehu. ʻOi aku ka mea hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka pepa keleawe e nā kumu o waho e like me nā hōʻailona electromagnetic, ka ikehu microwave, a me ka wela nui. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke hoʻolohi a hoʻopau paha i ka hiki o ka pepa keleawe ke hana pono. Hiki i nā Alkalis a me nā waikawa ʻē aʻe ke hōʻino i ka pono o ka pepa keleawe. ʻO ia ke kumu o nā hui e like meʻO CIVENHana nā metala i nā ʻano huahana pepa keleawe like ʻole.
Loaʻa iā lākou ka pepa keleawe i pale ʻia e pale aku ai i ka wela a me nā ʻano hoʻopilikia ʻē aʻe. Hana lākou i ka pepa keleawe no nā huahana kikoʻī e like me nā papa kaapuni i paʻi ʻia (PCB) a me nā papa kaapuni maʻalahi (FCB). ʻOiaʻiʻo, hana lākou i ka pepa keleawe no nā pila lithium-ion.
Ke lilo nei nā pila Lithium-ion i mea maʻamau, ʻoi aku hoʻi me nā kaʻa no ka mea e hoʻoikaika ana lākou i nā mīkini hoʻokomo e like me nā mea a Tesla i hana ai. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana neʻe o nā mīkini hoʻokomo a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana. Ua manaʻo ʻia he hiki ʻole ke loaʻa nā mīkini hoʻokomo ma muli o nā koi mana i loaʻa ʻole i kēlā manawa. Ua hiki iā Tesla ke hoʻokō i kēia me kā lākou mau cell pākahi lithium-ion. Hana ʻia kēlā me kēia cell i nā pila lithium-ion pākahi, a he pepa keleawe ko lākou a pau.
Ua piʻi nui ke koi no ka pepa keleawe. Ua loaʻa i ka mākeke pepa keleawe ma mua o 7 biliona kālā ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 2019 a ua manaʻo ʻia e loaʻa ma mua o 8 biliona kālā ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 2026. ʻO kēia ma muli o nā loli i loko o ka ʻoihana kaʻa e hoʻohiki nei e hoʻololi mai nā mīkini puhi kūloko i nā pila lithium-ion. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole nā kaʻa wale nō ka ʻoihana i hoʻopilikia ʻia no ka mea hoʻohana pū nā kamepiula a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe i ka pepa keleawe. E hōʻoia wale kēia i ke kumukūʻai nopepa keleawee hoʻomau i ka piʻi ʻana i loko o nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki mai ana.
Ua hoʻopaʻa mua ʻia nā pila Lithium-ion i ka makahiki 1976, a ua hana nui ʻia lākou ma ke kālepa i ka makahiki 1991. I nā makahiki ma hope mai, e lilo nā pila lithium-ion i mea kaulana a e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia. Ma muli o ko lākou hoʻohana ʻia ʻana i nā kaʻa, palekana ke ʻōlelo ʻana e loaʻa iā lākou nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe i loko o kahi honua e hilinaʻi ana i ka ikehu hiki ke puhi ʻia no ka mea hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO nā pila Lithium-ion ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ikehu, akā ʻaʻohe mea me ka ʻole o ka pepa keleawe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-25-2022