ʻO ke kaʻina hana a me ka hana ʻana o ka Copper Foil

ʻO Copper foil, ʻo kēia ʻāpana keleawe ʻoi loa ka maʻalahi, he hana maʻalahi a paʻakikī hoʻi. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana ka nui o ka unuhi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke keleawe, ka hana ʻana i ka foil keleawe, a me nā pae hana hope.

ʻO ka hana mua ka unuhi a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe keleawe. Wahi a ka ʻikepili mai ka United States Geological Survey (USGS), ʻo ka hana honua o ke keleawe keleawe i hōʻea i 20 miliona tons i 2021 (USGS, 2021). Ma hope o ka unuhi ʻana o ke keleawe keleawe, ma o nā ʻanuʻu e like me ka ʻoki ʻana, ka wili ʻana, a me ka flotation, hiki ke loaʻa ka concentrate keleawe me kahi o 30% keleawe. Ke hana nei kēia mau mea keleawe i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe, me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mea hoʻololi, a me ka electrolysis, e hāʻawi ana i ka keleawe electrolytic me ka maʻemaʻe e like me 99.99%.

ʻO ka mea aʻe e hiki mai ana ke kaʻina hana o ke keleawe keleawe, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻano ma muli o ke ʻano hana: electrolytic copper foil a me ka ʻōwili keleawe.

Hana ʻia ka pahu keleawe electrolytic ma o ke kaʻina hana electrolytic. I loko o ke kelepona electrolytic, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka anode keleawe ma lalo o ka hana a ka electrolyte, a ʻo nā ion keleawe, i alakaʻi ʻia e ke au, neʻe i ka cathode a hana i nā waihona keleawe ma ka ʻili cathode. ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka electrolytic copper foil ka mea maʻamau mai 5 a 200 micrometers, hiki ke hoʻomalu pono ʻia e like me nā pono o ka ʻenehana paʻi kaapuni (PCB) (Yu, 1988).

ʻO ka pahu keleawe i ʻōwili ʻia, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hana ʻia me ka mechanically. E hoʻomaka ana mai kahi ʻāpana keleawe he mau millimeters ka mānoanoa, e hoʻomaloʻo mālie ʻia e ka ʻōwili ʻana, e hana ana i ka pahu keleawe me ka mānoanoa ma ka pae micrometer (Coombs Jr., 2007). ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o kēia ʻano o ke keleawe keleawe ma mua o ka electrolytic copper foil, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o kāna hana hana.

Ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka foil keleawe, pono ia e hana ma hope o ka hana ʻana, me ka annealing, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka annealing ke hoʻonui i ka ductility a me ka paʻakikī o ka foil keleawe, aʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili (e like me ka oxidation a i ʻole ka uhi ʻana) hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa corrosion a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka foil keleawe.

I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ʻoiai he paʻakikī ka hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana o ka copper foil, he hopena koʻikoʻi ka huahana i ko mākou ola hou. He hōʻike kēia o ka holomua ʻenehana, hoʻololi i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe ma o nā ʻenehana hana pololei.

Eia naʻe, ke kaʻina hana o ke keleawe foil lawe mai i kekahi mau pilikia, me ka ikehu hoʻohana, kaiapuni hopena, etc. Wahi a ka hoike, i ka hana ana o 1 tona o ke keleawe e pono ai e pili ana i 220GJ o ka ikehu, a hoopuka i 2.2 tons o carbon dioxide emissions (Northey). et al., 2014). No laila, pono mākou e ʻimi i nā ala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ke kaiapuni e hana ai i ka foil keleawe.

ʻO kahi hoʻonā hiki ke hoʻohana i ke keleawe i hana hou ʻia e hana i ka foil keleawe. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu o ka hana ʻana i ke keleawe i hana hou ʻia he 20% wale nō o ka keleawe mua, a hoʻemi ia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumu waiwai keleawe (UNEP, 2011). Eia kekahi, me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomohala i nā ʻenehana hana keleawe keleawe ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, e hōʻemi hou ana i ko lākou hopena kaiapuni.

I ka hopena, ʻo ka hana a me ka hana ʻana o ka copper foil he kahua ʻenehana piha i nā pilikia a me nā manawa. ʻOiai ua holomua nui mākou, nui nā hana e hana ʻia no ka hōʻoia ʻana i hiki ke hoʻokō i kā mākou mau pono i kēlā me kēia lā me ka pale ʻana i ko mākou kaiapuni.