| MEA | ED | RA |
| Nā ʻano hana→Ke kaʻina hana→ʻAno kristal → Pae mānoanoa →Ka laulā kiʻekiʻe loa →Loaʻahuhū →Lapaʻau ʻili | ʻAno hana hoʻopili kemikaʻAno kolamu 6μm ~ 140μm 1340mm (ma ke ʻano maʻamau 1290mm) Paʻakikī Moena ʻālohilohi pālua / moena hoʻokahi / moena pālua | ʻAno ʻōwili kinoʻAno poepoe 6μm ~ 100μm 650mm Paʻakikī / Palupalu Kukui hoʻokahi / kukui pālua |
| Ke hana nei Paʻakikī | Pōkole ka pōʻaiapuni hana a me ke kaʻina hana maʻalahi | Kaʻina hana lōʻihi a me ke kaʻina hana paʻakikī |
| Ka paʻakikī o ka hana ʻana | ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka huahana, ʻoi aku ka palupalu, maʻalahi e haki | ʻO ke kūlana huahana hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia, ductility maikaʻi loa, maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe |
| Nā noi | Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā ʻoihana e pono ai ka conductivity uila, ka conductivity thermal, ka hoʻopuehu wela, ka pale ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ka laulā o ka huahana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā mea lihi i ka hana ʻana, hiki ke mālama i kahi hapa o ke kumukūʻai hana. | Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā huahana conductive kiʻekiʻe, hoʻolaha wela a me ka pale ʻana. He maikaʻi ka ductility o nā huahana a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana a hoʻoponopono. ʻO ka mea i koho ʻia no nā ʻāpana uila waena a kiʻekiʻe. |
| Nā Pōmaikaʻi Pili | Pōkole ka pōʻaiapuni hana a maʻalahi ke kaʻina hana. ʻO ka laulā ākea e maʻalahi ai ka mālama ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana. A he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai hana a maʻalahi ke kumukūʻai no ka mākeke e ʻae. ʻO ka lahilahi o ka mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka pono o ke kumukūʻai o ka pepa keleawe electrolytic i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pepa keleawe calendered. | Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻemaʻe a me ka nui o ka huahana, kūpono ia no nā huahana me nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka ductility a me ka flexibility. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka conductivity uila a me nā waiwai hoʻoheheʻe wela ma mua o nā mea o ka foil keleawe electrolytic. Hiki ke hoʻomalu ʻia ke kūlana o ka huahana e ke kaʻina hana, e maʻalahi ai ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā koi hana o nā mea kūʻai aku. Loaʻa iā ia ka lōʻihi a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka luhi, no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea maka e lawe mai i ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi i nā huahana i manaʻo ʻia. |
| Nā hemahema pili | ʻO ka ductility maikaʻi ʻole, ka hana paʻakikī a me ka lōʻihi ʻole. | Aia nā kapu ma ka laulā hana, nā kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā pōʻaiapuni hana lōʻihi. |
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-16-2021